A non-conformance record is a controlled record that documents a product, process, material, or service condition that does not meet a specified requirement. In manufacturing, it provides the traceable evidence of what was found, where it occurred, what was affected, and how the issue was evaluated and dispositioned.
A non-conformance record is commonly managed in a QMS or quality workflow, with supporting data from inspection systems, MES, ERP, PLM, or shop-floor controls. It may include the non-conformance description, affected part or lot, containment actions, root cause references, disposition decision, required rework or scrap instructions, approvals, and closure evidence.
The record should not be confused with the non-conforming condition itself. It is the documented control and decision record for that condition. It is also not the same as a CAPA, although a non-conformance record may trigger corrective or preventive action when the issue is systemic, recurring, or significant.